Introduction to laser cutting
Laser cutting is a precision technology that uses a laser beam to cut materials. This method is particularly common in industrial manufacturing, but is also used in small businesses, schools, and hobbyists. Here are some of the key features and applications of laser cutting:
Principle:
Laser cutting works by using a high-power laser, usually focused through an optical system. The laser beam is focused on the surface of the material, causing it to melt, burn or vaporize. Sometimes a portion of the material being cut is blown away to aid in the cutting process.
Type:
CO2 laser cutting: Using carbon dioxide laser, it is suitable for cutting and engraving non-metallic materials, such as wood, plastic, textiles and glass.
Fiber laser cutting: A laser amplified by fiber optics, suitable for cutting metals and reflective materials such as steel, copper and aluminum.
Nd:YAG and Nd:YVO4 laser cutting: for precision cutting, especially for intricate details and thin materials.
Advantage:
High Precision: Laser cutting is very precise and can be used for complex and delicate cuts.
Automation and speed: Most laser cutting machines are automated and can cut materials quickly.
Flexibility: Can cut a variety of materials and objects of different thicknesses.
Application:
Industrial manufacturing: Used for cutting automotive parts, machinery and equipment, and sheet metal.
Construction: Used for cutting metal structures and building materials.
Art and Design: For producing complex artwork and design projects.
Precautions:
Safety: Pay special attention to safety when laser cutting and avoid direct contact with the laser.
Material limitations: Not all materials are suitable for laser cutting, and some materials may produce harmful fumes or gases.
Laser cutting technology continues to evolve and now allows for higher cutting speeds and more precise cutting results. As technology advances, the application scope and capabilities of laser cutting are also expanding.
Laser cutting practice
We followed the steps below for laser cutting and the resulting finished product is presented as part of a larger job.
Design and preparation
- Design drawing: First, you need to prepare or create a design drawing of the cutting object. This is usually done through specialized CAD (computer-aided design) software.
- Choose materials: Choose the appropriate material based on your design needs and the specifications of your laser cutting machine.
Set up the laser cutter
Configuration parameters: Set appropriate parameters on the laser cutting machine, such as laser power, speed, frequency and focal length.
Loading the material: Place the material on the laser cutting machine’s workbench and make sure the material is flat and secure.
Test cuts
- Before starting a large-scale cut, you may make a test cut on a small piece of material to make sure the settings are correct.
To perform a laser cut:
- The laser head begins to move along a preset path, and the laser beam illuminates and cuts the material.
- During the process, it may be necessary to use an auxiliary gas, such as nitrogen or argon, to help clear the cut area of molten material.
Check and clean
- After cutting is completed, turn off the laser cutter and remove the cut piece.
- Check the cutting quality to ensure it meets the design requirements.
- Clean the cut edges, sanding or other post-processing if necessary.
Post-processing
- Depending on project needs, additional processing steps may be performed, such as grinding, welding, or assembly.
